The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 106 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0456 Jan 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1790 Apr 14. The total duration of Saros series 106 is 1334.23 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0456 Jan 23 08:46:30 TD Last Eclipse = 1790 Apr 14 12:48:15 TD Duration of Saros 106 = 1334.23 Years
Saros 106 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 106 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 75 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 32 | 42.7% |
| Annular | A | 5 | 6.7% |
| Total | T | 34 | 45.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 4 | 5.3% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 106 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 106 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 106: 12P 34T 4H 5A 20P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 106 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 106 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1411 Aug 19 | 01m52s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1357 Jul 17 | 00m26s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 0726 Jul 04 | 06m31s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1267 May 25 | 01m37s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1285 Jun 04 | 01m15s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1339 Jul 07 | 00m01s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0654 May 22 | - | 0.99901 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0456 Jan 23 | - | 0.01122 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 106. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 106.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05834 -40 0456 Jan 23 08:46:30 6113 -19096 Pb -1.5332 0.0112 69.0S 126.5W 0
05877 -39 0474 Feb 02 17:16:01 5936 -18873 P -1.5145 0.0438 69.9S 93.1E 0
05920 -38 0492 Feb 14 01:38:44 5759 -18650 P -1.4900 0.0876 70.7S 46.2W 0
05964 -37 0510 Feb 24 09:54:50 5583 -18427 P -1.4600 0.1419 71.3S 175.6E 0
06008 -36 0528 Mar 06 18:02:29 5406 -18204 P -1.4232 0.2100 71.7S 39.1E 0
06053 -35 0546 Mar 18 02:03:46 5231 -17981 P -1.3808 0.2891 71.9S 96.0W 0
06099 -34 0564 Mar 28 09:57:15 5057 -17758 P -1.3317 0.3821 71.8S 130.8E 0
06145 -33 0582 Apr 08 17:44:36 4884 -17535 P -1.2773 0.4861 71.4S 0.6W 0
06191 -32 0600 Apr 19 01:25:29 4713 -17312 P -1.2171 0.6021 70.9S 130.0W 0
06236 -31 0618 Apr 30 09:01:45 4543 -17089 P -1.1526 0.7270 70.2S 102.3E 0
06281 -30 0636 May 10 16:34:17 4374 -16866 P -1.0847 0.8593 69.3S 23.9W 0
06327 -29 0654 May 22 00:02:55 4207 -16643 P -1.0131 0.9990 68.4S 148.6W 0
06373 -28 0672 Jun 01 07:30:46 4042 -16420 T -0.9404 1.0680 48.1S 85.4E 19 663 05m06s
06418 -27 0690 Jun 12 14:57:16 3878 -16197 T -0.8662 1.0718 36.8S 31.7W 30 469 05m52s
06462 -26 0708 Jun 22 22:25:31 3717 -15974 T -0.7933 1.0737 28.8S 147.5W 37 393 06m18s
06504 -25 0726 Jul 04 05:53:59 3558 -15751 T -0.7206 1.0745 22.6S 97.7E 44 347 06m31s
06546 -24 0744 Jul 14 13:26:41 3402 -15528 T -0.6512 1.0741 18.0S 17.5W 49 314 06m30s
06588 -23 0762 Jul 25 21:02:22 3248 -15305 T -0.5842 1.0729 14.8S 132.8W 54 289 06m20s
06629 -22 0780 Aug 05 04:43:27 3097 -15082 T -0.5220 1.0708 13.0S 110.9E 58 267 06m03s
06670 -21 0798 Aug 16 12:29:40 2950 -14859 T -0.4642 1.0680 12.4S 6.5W 62 248 05m42s
06711 -20 0816 Aug 26 20:23:34 2805 -14636 T -0.4132 1.0647 12.8S 125.7W 66 230 05m20s
06752 -19 0834 Sep 07 04:24:14 2664 -14413 T -0.3680 1.0609 14.2S 113.6E 68 214 04m57s
06792 -18 0852 Sep 17 12:32:17 2527 -14190 T -0.3291 1.0569 16.3S 9.0W 71 197 04m35s
06832 -17 0870 Sep 28 20:47:50 2394 -13967 T -0.2968 1.0527 19.0S 133.4W 73 182 04m15s
06872 -16 0888 Oct 09 05:11:15 2264 -13744 T -0.2715 1.0484 22.1S 100.4E 74 167 03m55s
06912 -15 0906 Oct 20 13:41:16 2139 -13521 T -0.2518 1.0444 25.3S 27.1W 75 153 03m37s
06952 -14 0924 Oct 30 22:17:32 2018 -13298 T -0.2378 1.0405 28.5S 155.9W 76 139 03m20s
06993 -13 0942 Nov 11 06:58:47 1902 -13075 T -0.2281 1.0370 31.4S 74.6E 77 127 03m05s
07034 -12 0960 Nov 21 15:44:42 1790 -12852 T -0.2228 1.0338 33.8S 55.6W 77 117 02m52s
07074 -11 0978 Dec 03 00:31:51 1682 -12629 T -0.2191 1.0311 35.4S 174.5E 77 108 02m41s
07116 -10 0996 Dec 13 09:21:13 1579 -12406 T -0.2176 1.0289 36.2S 44.3E 77 100 02m32s
07158 -09 1014 Dec 24 18:08:45 1481 -12183 T -0.2153 1.0272 35.9S 85.3W 77 95 02m25s
07200 -08 1033 Jan 04 02:54:50 1387 -11960 T -0.2122 1.0260 34.5S 145.2E 78 91 02m21s
07243 -07 1051 Jan 15 11:35:11 1298 -11737 T -0.2049 1.0252 31.9S 16.7E 78 88 02m18s
07287 -06 1069 Jan 25 20:11:55 1214 -11514 T -0.1952 1.0249 28.4S 111.7W 79 86 02m19s
07331 -05 1087 Feb 06 04:40:57 1134 -11291 T -0.1801 1.0248 24.0S 121.1E 79 86 02m20s
07377 -04 1105 Feb 16 13:02:44 1058 -11068 T -0.1592 1.0249 18.9S 5.0W 81 86 02m23s
07422 -03 1123 Feb 27 21:15:11 987 -10845 Tm -0.1313 1.0251 13.1S 129.3W 82 86 02m27s
07467 -02 1141 Mar 10 05:19:43 920 -10622 T -0.0971 1.0254 6.9S 107.9E 84 87 02m30s
07512 -01 1159 Mar 21 13:14:39 857 -10399 T -0.0557 1.0254 0.3S 12.7W 87 87 02m32s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07557 00 1177 Mar 31 21:00:18 798 -10176 T -0.0073 1.0253 6.6N 131.2W 90 86 02m33s
07602 01 1195 Apr 12 04:37:20 743 -9953 T 0.0477 1.0248 13.6N 112.7E 87 84 02m29s
07647 02 1213 Apr 22 12:06:14 691 -9730 T 0.1090 1.0239 20.7N 1.1W 84 82 02m23s
07693 03 1231 May 03 19:27:05 643 -9507 T 0.1763 1.0224 27.8N 112.3W 80 78 02m11s
07739 04 1249 May 14 02:41:14 598 -9284 T 0.2482 1.0204 34.7N 139.0E 75 72 01m56s
07783 05 1267 May 25 09:49:28 556 -9061 T 0.3243 1.0177 41.2N 32.9E 71 64 01m37s
07826 06 1285 Jun 04 16:53:58 516 -8838 H 0.4024 1.0143 47.2N 70.8W 66 54 01m15s
07869 07 1303 Jun 15 23:53:41 479 -8615 H 0.4836 1.0103 52.5N 171.4W 61 41 00m52s
07911 08 1321 Jun 26 06:52:55 445 -8392 H 0.5641 1.0056 56.7N 90.3E 55 23 00m27s
07952 09 1339 Jul 07 13:50:33 413 -8169 H 0.6451 1.0002 59.8N 5.5W 50 1 00m01s
07993 10 1357 Jul 17 20:50:34 382 -7946 A 0.7228 0.9942 61.5N 100.5W 43 29 00m26s
08034 11 1375 Jul 29 03:50:53 354 -7723 A 0.7991 0.9876 62.3N 165.3E 37 72 00m54s
08075 12 1393 Aug 08 10:56:18 327 -7500 A 0.8703 0.9804 62.3N 70.1E 29 140 01m22s
08115 13 1411 Aug 19 18:05:20 302 -7277 A 0.9376 0.9724 62.2N 23.9W 20 284 01m52s
08155 14 1429 Aug 30 01:20:30 277 -7054 A+ 0.9988 0.9782 61.0N 98.8W 0
08195 15 1447 Sep 10 08:41:40 255 -6831 P 1.0542 0.8785 60.8N 142.2E 0
08235 16 1465 Sep 20 16:10:43 233 -6608 P 1.1020 0.7931 60.9N 21.2E 0
08275 17 1483 Oct 01 23:47:15 213 -6385 P 1.1431 0.7202 61.1N 101.7W 0
08316 18 1501 Oct 12 07:30:04 194 -6162 P 1.1784 0.6585 61.4N 133.9E 0
08358 19 1519 Oct 23 15:20:34 176 -5939 P 1.2064 0.6096 61.9N 7.4E 0
08399 20 1537 Nov 02 23:17:01 160 -5716 P 1.2286 0.5712 62.6N 120.7W 0
08440 21 1555 Nov 14 07:19:27 145 -5493 P 1.2455 0.5423 63.3N 109.4E 0
08481 22 1573 Nov 24 15:24:46 133 -5270 P 1.2591 0.5191 64.3N 21.4W 0
08522 23 1591 Dec 15 23:33:56 122 -5047 P 1.2690 0.5024 65.3N 153.5W 0
08562 24 1609 Dec 26 07:43:34 107 -4824 P 1.2776 0.4877 66.3N 73.9E 0
08606 25 1628 Jan 06 15:52:52 82 -4601 P 1.2858 0.4739 67.4N 59.2W 0
08651 26 1646 Jan 16 23:59:17 55 -4378 P 1.2957 0.4574 68.5N 167.8E 0
08696 27 1664 Jan 28 08:02:31 30 -4155 P 1.3074 0.4376 69.6N 35.0E 0
08742 28 1682 Feb 07 15:59:21 13 -3932 P 1.3238 0.4101 70.5N 96.8W 0
08787 29 1700 Feb 18 23:49:35 8 -3709 P 1.3451 0.3744 71.2N 132.4E 0
08832 30 1718 Mar 02 07:31:37 10 -3486 P 1.3723 0.3285 71.8N 3.2E 0
08877 31 1736 Mar 12 15:05:55 11 -3263 P 1.4049 0.2733 72.1N 124.5W 0
08923 32 1754 Mar 23 22:28:59 13 -3040 P 1.4463 0.2032 72.1N 110.6E 0
08968 33 1772 Apr 03 05:43:53 16 -2817 P 1.4935 0.1229 71.9N 12.3W 0
09014 34 1790 Apr 14 12:48:15 16 -2594 Pe 1.5487 0.0287 71.4N 132.1W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
