Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 147

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 147

Solar eclipses of Saros 147 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1624 Oct 12. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3049 Feb 24. The total duration of Saros series 147 is 1424.38 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1624 Oct 12   08:53:55 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3049 Feb 24   08:48:07 TD

                      Duration of Saros 147  =  1424.38 Years

Saros 147 is composed of 80 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 147
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 80100.0%
PartialP 40 50.0%
AnnularA 40 50.0%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 147 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 147
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 40100.0%
Central (two limits) 39 97.5%
Central (one limit) 1 2.5%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 80 eclipses in Saros 147: 21P 40A 19P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 147 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 147
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2291 Nov 2109m41s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2688 Jul 1900m41s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2724 Aug 11 - 0.87969
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1624 Oct 12 - 0.00894

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 147

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 147. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 147.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 147

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08599 -35  1624 Oct 12  08:53:55     87  -4641   Pb   1.5466  0.0089  71.5N 109.9E   0             
08644 -34  1642 Oct 23  16:48:36     60  -4418   P    1.5221  0.0551  71.0N  22.5W   0             
08689 -33  1660 Nov 03  00:50:39     34  -4195   P    1.5038  0.0898  70.3N 156.2W   0             
08735 -32  1678 Nov 14  08:58:14     15  -3972   P    1.4908  0.1148  69.4N  69.4E   0             
08780 -31  1696 Nov 24  17:10:41      8  -3749   P    1.4822  0.1318  68.4N  65.6W   0             
08825 -30  1714 Dec 07  01:27:09     10  -3526   P    1.4772  0.1420  67.4N 159.0E   0             
08870 -29  1732 Dec 17  09:46:57     11  -3303   P    1.4751  0.1470  66.3N  23.4E   0             
08916 -28  1750 Dec 28  18:06:51     13  -3080   P    1.4737  0.1506  65.3N 111.8W   0             
08961 -27  1769 Jan 08  02:26:42     16  -2857   P    1.4728  0.1530  64.3N 113.5E   0             
09007 -26  1787 Jan 19  10:43:13     17  -2634   P    1.4697  0.1591  63.4N  20.1W   0             

09052 -25  1805 Jan 30  18:57:01     12  -2411   P    1.4651  0.1675  62.7N 152.8W   0             
09097 -24  1823 Feb 11  03:03:02     11  -2188   P    1.4546  0.1856  62.0N  76.7E   0             
09141 -23  1841 Feb 21  11:03:56      5  -1965   P    1.4406  0.2095  61.5N  52.4W   0             
09184 -22  1859 Mar 04  18:54:49      7  -1742   P    1.4192  0.2461  61.2N 178.8W   0             
09226 -21  1877 Mar 15  02:38:09     -4  -1519   P    1.3924  0.2917  61.0N  56.7E   0             
09268 -20  1895 Mar 26  10:09:33     -6  -1296   P    1.3565  0.3531  61.0N  64.8W   0             
09310 -19  1913 Apr 06  17:33:07     15  -1073   P    1.3147  0.4244  61.2N 175.7E   0             
09353 -18  1931 Apr 18  00:45:35     24   -850   P    1.2643  0.5107  61.5N  58.9E   0             
09396 -17  1949 Apr 28  07:48:53     29   -627   P    1.2068  0.6092  61.9N  55.7W   0             
09436 -16  1967 May 09  14:42:48     38   -404   P    1.1422  0.7201  62.5N 168.1W   0             

09476 -15  1985 May 19  21:29:38     55   -181   P    1.0720  0.8406  63.2N  81.1E   0             
09515 -14  2003 May 31  04:09:22     64     42   An   0.9960  0.9384  66.6N  24.5W   3   -   03m37s
09555 -13  2021 Jun 10  10:43:07     72    265   A    0.9152  0.9435  80.8N  66.8W  23  527  03m51s
09595 -12  2039 Jun 21  17:12:54     84    488   A    0.8312  0.9454  78.9N 102.1W  33  365  04m05s
09635 -11  2057 Jul 01  23:40:15    108    711   A    0.7455  0.9464  71.5N 176.2W  41  298  04m22s
09676 -10  2075 Jul 13  06:05:44    147    934   A    0.6583  0.9467  63.1N  95.2E  49  262  04m45s
09717 -09  2093 Jul 23  12:32:04    187   1157   A    0.5717  0.9463  54.6N   1.3E  55  241  05m11s
09758 -08  2111 Aug 04  19:00:22    230   1380   A    0.4867  0.9455  46.0N  95.3W  61  230  05m42s
09799 -07  2129 Aug 15  01:33:05    275   1603   A    0.4055  0.9442  37.4N 165.8E  66  225  06m15s
09841 -06  2147 Aug 26  08:09:15    322   1826   A    0.3271  0.9425  29.0N  65.2E  71  224  06m49s

09883 -05  2165 Sep 05  14:52:45    362   2049   A    0.2549  0.9406  20.7N  37.5W  75  227  07m22s
09927 -04  2183 Sep 16  21:42:37    403   2272   A    0.1877  0.9384  12.8N 141.9W  79  233  07m53s
09971 -03  2201 Sep 28  04:41:51    446   2495   A    0.1281  0.9361   5.2N 111.4E  83  240  08m21s
10015 -02  2219 Oct 09  11:48:35    491   2718   A    0.0744  0.9338   2.0S   3.0E  86  248  08m46s
10059 -01  2237 Oct 19  19:06:04    538   2941   A    0.0295  0.9316   8.6S 107.6W  88  256  09m07s
10103  00  2255 Oct 31  02:32:04    587   3164   A   -0.0088  0.9295  14.5S 140.2E  89  264  09m24s
10148  01  2273 Nov 10  10:07:17    638   3387   A   -0.0398  0.9278  19.6S  26.3E  88  272  09m34s
10194  02  2291 Nov 21  17:50:53    691   3610   A   -0.0644  0.9263  23.7S  88.9W  86  278  09m41s
10239  03  2309 Dec 03  01:42:05    746   3833   A   -0.0832  0.9254  26.9S 154.6E  85  282  09m40s
10284  04  2327 Dec 14  09:39:47    804   4056   A   -0.0969  0.9250  28.8S  37.0E  84  284  09m34s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 147

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10330  05  2345 Dec 24  17:41:04    863   4279   Am  -0.1081  0.9252  29.7S  81.1W  84  284  09m21s
10376  06  2364 Jan 05  01:46:48    925   4502   A   -0.1161  0.9259  29.4S 159.7E  83  281  09m03s
10420  07  2382 Jan 15  09:53:22    988   4725   A   -0.1241  0.9274  28.1S  40.1E  83  275  08m40s
10464  08  2400 Jan 26  18:00:10   1054   4948   A   -0.1322  0.9295  26.0S  79.9W  82  267  08m13s
10507  09  2418 Feb 06  02:04:04   1122   5171   A   -0.1431  0.9322  23.3S 160.5E  82  256  07m43s
10550  10  2436 Feb 17  10:05:24   1192   5394   A   -0.1567  0.9355  20.2S  41.1E  81  243  07m12s
10593  11  2454 Feb 27  18:01:47   1264   5617   A   -0.1750  0.9393  17.0S  77.3W  80  228  06m40s
10635  12  2472 Mar 10  01:52:11   1338   5840   A   -0.1989  0.9436  13.9S 165.6E  78  212  06m08s
10677  13  2490 Mar 21  09:36:11   1414   6063   A   -0.2288  0.9482  11.1S  50.0E  77  195  05m36s
10719  14  2508 Apr 01  17:13:22   1492   6286   A   -0.2648  0.9532   8.7S  63.9W  75  177  05m06s

10760  15  2526 Apr 13  00:43:02   1572   6509   A   -0.3077  0.9583   7.1S 175.8W  72  158  04m35s
10801  16  2544 Apr 23  08:05:34   1654   6732   A   -0.3575  0.9635   6.3S  74.0E  69  140  04m05s
10841  17  2562 May 04  15:21:29   1739   6955   A   -0.4133  0.9686   6.5S  34.5W  66  123  03m35s
10881  18  2580 May 14  22:32:12   1825   7178   A   -0.4743  0.9735   7.9S 141.9W  62  107  03m04s
10922  19  2598 May 26  05:36:09   1914   7401   A   -0.5415  0.9782  10.6S 112.1E  57   91  02m34s
10963  20  2616 Jun 06  12:37:18   2004   7624   A   -0.6115  0.9824  14.5S   6.3E  52   78  02m04s
11004  21  2634 Jun 17  19:34:22   2097   7847   A   -0.6854  0.9862  19.8S  99.1W  47   67  01m36s
11043  22  2652 Jun 28  02:31:12   2191   8070   A   -0.7603  0.9892  26.5S 154.7E  40   58  01m11s
11084  23  2670 Jul 09  09:25:19   2288   8293   A   -0.8379  0.9915  35.0S  48.0E  33   55  00m52s
11125  24  2688 Jul 19  16:22:31   2387   8516   A   -0.9136  0.9926  45.6S  61.4W  24   64  00m41s

11167  25  2706 Jul 31  23:20:38   2488   8739   A   -0.9889  0.9911  63.0S 178.8W   7  240  00m41s
11209  26  2724 Aug 11  06:23:26   2591   8962   P   -1.0610  0.8797  70.5S  56.2E   0             
11252  27  2742 Aug 22  13:29:55   2696   9185   P   -1.1308  0.7534  71.2S  63.0W   0             
11296  28  2760 Sep 01  20:44:19   2803   9408   P   -1.1947  0.6372  71.7S 175.4E   0             
11341  29  2778 Sep 13  04:05:03   2912   9631   P   -1.2541  0.5291  72.0S  51.8E   0             
11386  30  2796 Sep 23  11:33:43   3024   9854   P   -1.3078  0.4310  72.1S  74.0W   0             
11431  31  2814 Oct 04  19:10:43   3137  10077   P   -1.3554  0.3440  71.9S 158.2E   0             
11476  32  2832 Oct 15  02:57:22   3252  10300   P   -1.3962  0.2695  71.6S  28.3E   0             
11522  33  2850 Oct 26  10:52:49   3370  10523   P   -1.4306  0.2068  71.0S 103.5W   0             
11568  34  2868 Nov 05  18:57:09   3489  10746   P   -1.4586  0.1556  70.2S 123.1E   0             

11615  35  2886 Nov 17  03:10:24   3611  10969   P   -1.4801  0.1162  69.3S  12.0W   0             
11662  36  2904 Nov 28  11:32:06   3735  11192   P   -1.4959  0.0874  68.3S 148.6W   0             
11707  37  2922 Dec 09  19:59:54   3861  11415   P   -1.5074  0.0662  67.3S  73.9E   0             
11752  38  2940 Dec 20  04:34:38   3988  11638   P   -1.5142  0.0534  66.2S  64.9W   0             
11796  39  2958 Dec 31  13:13:25   4118  11861   P   -1.5186  0.0450  65.2S 155.8E   0             
11840  40  2977 Jan 10  21:56:20   4250  12084   P   -1.5202  0.0413  64.3S  15.9E   0             
11884  41  2995 Jan 22  06:39:24   4384  12307   P   -1.5225  0.0363  63.5S 123.8W   0             
-----  42  3013 Feb 02  15:24:30   4521  12530   P   -1.5238  0.0326  62.8S  96.3E   0             
-----  43  3031 Feb 14  00:07:22   4659  12753   P   -1.5280  0.0236  62.2S  42.8W   0             
-----  44  3049 Feb 24  08:48:07   4799  12976   Pe  -1.5342  0.0104  61.7S 178.7E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26