The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 75 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0604 Jul 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0694 Aug 26. The total duration of Saros series 75 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0604 Jul 07 17:02:10 TD Last Eclipse = 0694 Aug 26 12:15:04 TD Duration of Saros 75 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 75 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 75 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 39.7% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 44 | 60.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 75 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 75 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 44 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 44 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 75: 21P 44T 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 75 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 75 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 0027 Jul 22 | 06m31s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | -0225 Feb 20 | 01m06s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0568 Jun 11 | - | 0.98672 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0604 Jul 07 | - | 0.00665 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 75. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 75.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
03328 -36 -0604 Jul 07 17:02:10 18690 -32201 Pb 1.5494 0.0066 66.4N 172.7W 0
03375 -35 -0586 Jul 18 23:59:19 18412 -31978 P 1.4763 0.1354 67.4N 71.2E 0
03423 -34 -0568 Jul 29 07:03:55 18137 -31755 P 1.4081 0.2559 68.4N 47.4W 0
03469 -33 -0550 Aug 09 14:17:48 17864 -31532 P 1.3463 0.3651 69.4N 168.8W 0
03514 -32 -0532 Aug 19 21:41:26 17593 -31309 P 1.2913 0.4624 70.2N 66.7E 0
03559 -31 -0514 Aug 31 05:16:01 17323 -31086 P 1.2443 0.5456 71.0N 61.2W 0
03604 -30 -0496 Sep 10 13:00:50 17041 -30863 P 1.2046 0.6161 71.5N 167.8E 0
03648 -29 -0478 Sep 21 20:55:38 16724 -30640 P 1.1720 0.6736 71.8N 33.7E 0
03692 -28 -0460 Oct 02 05:00:36 16415 -30417 P 1.1470 0.7180 71.9N 103.1W 0
03735 -27 -0442 Oct 13 13:14:46 16115 -30194 P 1.1285 0.7510 71.6N 117.9E 0
03779 -26 -0424 Oct 23 21:36:01 15824 -29971 P 1.1150 0.7752 71.2N 22.5W 0
03821 -25 -0406 Nov 04 06:04:15 15539 -29748 P 1.1064 0.7909 70.5N 164.2W 0
03863 -24 -0388 Nov 14 14:37:03 15262 -29525 P 1.1007 0.8017 69.6N 53.7E 0
03905 -23 -0370 Nov 25 23:13:25 14992 -29302 P 1.0974 0.8084 68.6N 88.6W 0
03944 -22 -0352 Dec 06 07:49:53 14728 -29079 P 1.0934 0.8165 67.5N 129.7E 0
03983 -21 -0334 Dec 17 16:27:19 14470 -28856 P 1.0896 0.8246 66.4N 11.6W 0
04024 -20 -0316 Dec 28 01:02:05 14218 -28633 P 1.0827 0.8386 65.4N 151.7W 0
04065 -19 -0297 Jan 08 09:33:14 13972 -28410 P 1.0724 0.8588 64.3N 69.6E 0
04106 -18 -0279 Jan 18 17:58:54 13730 -28187 P 1.0570 0.8888 63.4N 67.4W 0
04146 -17 -0261 Jan 30 02:19:05 13494 -27964 P 1.0365 0.9286 62.6N 157.3E 0
04187 -16 -0243 Feb 09 10:32:49 13263 -27741 P 1.0098 0.9803 61.9N 23.8E 0
04228 -15 -0225 Feb 20 18:38:42 13037 -27518 T 0.9760 1.0159 54.7N 88.8W 12 255 01m06s
04269 -14 -0207 Mar 03 02:37:59 12815 -27295 T 0.9359 1.0242 50.5N 154.2E 20 230 01m42s
04310 -13 -0189 Mar 14 10:29:38 12597 -27072 T 0.8889 1.0320 48.3N 37.7E 27 231 02m15s
04352 -12 -0171 Mar 24 18:14:50 12384 -26849 T 0.8357 1.0394 47.2N 77.2W 33 235 02m45s
04396 -11 -0153 Apr 05 01:53:17 12175 -26626 T 0.7761 1.0463 46.8N 170.1E 39 240 03m13s
04438 -10 -0135 Apr 15 09:27:08 11969 -26403 T 0.7119 1.0526 46.8N 58.9E 44 244 03m39s
04481 -09 -0117 Apr 26 16:56:27 11767 -26180 T 0.6433 1.0583 47.0N 50.5W 50 248 04m04s
04524 -08 -0099 May 07 00:22:02 11568 -25957 T 0.5708 1.0633 46.9N 158.3W 55 251 04m28s
04567 -07 -0081 May 18 07:45:45 11373 -25734 T 0.4964 1.0674 46.2N 94.6E 60 253 04m52s
04612 -06 -0063 May 28 15:08:22 11181 -25511 T 0.4207 1.0707 44.8N 12.2W 65 253 05m15s
04657 -05 -0045 Jun 08 22:31:40 10991 -25288 T 0.3449 1.0731 42.5N 119.5W 70 253 05m37s
04703 -04 -0027 Jun 19 05:55:09 10804 -25065 T 0.2690 1.0746 39.2N 132.4E 74 251 05m57s
04750 -03 -0009 Jun 30 13:22:34 10620 -24842 T 0.1963 1.0753 35.1N 22.4E 78 249 06m14s
04795 -02 0009 Jul 10 20:53:09 10438 -24619 T 0.1261 1.0750 30.2N 89.4W 83 245 06m25s
04841 -01 0027 Jul 22 04:29:07 10258 -24396 T 0.0603 1.0741 24.8N 156.5E 86 241 06m31s
04887 00 0045 Aug 01 12:10:30 10080 -24173 Tm -0.0011 1.0724 18.9N 40.2E 90 235 06m30s
04931 01 0063 Aug 12 19:59:34 9904 -23950 T -0.0563 1.0702 12.8N 78.6W 87 229 06m22s
04975 02 0081 Aug 23 03:55:59 9729 -23727 T -0.1052 1.0675 6.6N 160.4E 84 221 06m08s
05020 03 0099 Sep 03 11:59:15 9556 -23504 T -0.1483 1.0645 0.3N 37.3E 81 213 05m50s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05064 04 0117 Sep 13 20:11:32 9383 -23281 T -0.1840 1.0612 5.9S 88.0W 79 204 05m29s
05108 05 0135 Sep 25 04:31:21 9211 -23058 T -0.2133 1.0578 11.9S 144.9E 78 195 05m08s
05152 06 0153 Oct 05 12:59:47 9039 -22835 T -0.2355 1.0545 17.6S 15.9E 76 185 04m47s
05194 07 0171 Oct 16 21:33:43 8868 -22612 T -0.2529 1.0514 22.9S 114.1W 75 176 04m27s
05235 08 0189 Oct 27 06:15:28 8697 -22389 T -0.2636 1.0485 27.7S 114.7E 75 167 04m10s
05276 09 0207 Nov 07 15:01:09 8526 -22166 T -0.2711 1.0460 31.9S 16.8W 74 159 03m55s
05317 10 0225 Nov 17 23:51:08 8355 -21943 T -0.2749 1.0440 35.4S 148.6W 74 153 03m43s
05358 11 0243 Nov 29 08:42:30 8184 -21720 T -0.2774 1.0424 37.9S 80.1E 74 148 03m33s
05399 12 0261 Dec 09 17:35:29 8011 -21497 T -0.2785 1.0413 39.5S 51.1W 74 144 03m26s
05439 13 0279 Dec 21 02:26:27 7839 -21274 T -0.2811 1.0406 40.1S 178.6E 73 142 03m21s
05479 14 0297 Dec 31 11:15:04 7665 -21051 T -0.2855 1.0404 39.7S 48.9E 73 141 03m19s
05518 15 0316 Jan 11 19:59:24 7491 -20828 T -0.2935 1.0406 38.5S 80.1W 73 142 03m18s
05558 16 0334 Jan 22 04:39:12 7315 -20605 T -0.3052 1.0410 36.5S 151.7E 72 144 03m19s
05598 17 0352 Feb 02 13:10:52 7139 -20382 T -0.3236 1.0417 34.2S 24.9E 71 147 03m21s
05638 18 0370 Feb 12 21:36:02 6962 -20159 T -0.3470 1.0425 31.6S 100.7W 70 151 03m23s
05680 19 0388 Feb 24 05:52:00 6785 -19936 T -0.3781 1.0432 29.0S 135.6E 68 155 03m27s
05721 20 0406 Mar 06 14:00:59 6607 -19713 T -0.4147 1.0438 26.6S 13.3E 65 159 03m31s
05762 21 0424 Mar 16 21:58:57 6429 -19490 T -0.4601 1.0441 24.8S 106.4W 62 164 03m34s
05803 22 0442 Mar 28 05:50:14 6250 -19267 T -0.5107 1.0440 23.5S 135.4E 59 169 03m37s
05844 23 0460 Apr 07 13:31:13 6072 -19044 T -0.5691 1.0434 23.2S 19.7E 55 173 03m38s
05887 24 0478 Apr 18 21:06:05 5895 -18821 T -0.6320 1.0421 23.9S 94.6W 51 178 03m36s
05930 25 0496 Apr 29 04:31:53 5718 -18598 T -0.7019 1.0400 26.0S 153.3E 45 185 03m29s
05974 26 0514 May 10 11:53:33 5541 -18375 T -0.7744 1.0371 29.6S 42.0E 39 194 03m16s
06018 27 0532 May 20 19:08:48 5365 -18152 T -0.8510 1.0330 35.4S 68.0W 31 210 02m53s
06064 28 0550 Jun 01 02:21:04 5190 -17929 T -0.9293 1.0276 44.5S 177.2W 21 254 02m18s
06110 29 0568 Jun 11 09:30:04 5016 -17706 P -1.0092 0.9867 65.0S 79.7E 0
06156 30 0586 Jun 22 16:38:32 4844 -17483 P -1.0883 0.8380 66.0S 38.3W 0
06201 31 0604 Jul 02 23:46:58 4673 -17260 P -1.1665 0.6918 67.0S 156.6W 0
06246 32 0622 Jul 14 06:56:26 4503 -17037 P -1.2426 0.5507 68.0S 84.3E 0
06291 33 0640 Jul 24 14:09:19 4335 -16814 P -1.3147 0.4185 69.0S 36.2W 0
06337 34 0658 Aug 04 21:25:50 4168 -16591 P -1.3825 0.2955 69.9S 158.2W 0
06383 35 0676 Aug 15 04:47:42 4004 -16368 P -1.4450 0.1836 70.7S 77.9E 0
06427 36 0694 Aug 26 12:15:04 3841 -16145 Pe -1.5020 0.0832 71.3S 47.9W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
