Five Millennium Catalog of Asymetric Hybrid Solar Eclipses

-1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE)

Introduction

Eclipses of the Sun can only occur during the New Moon phase. It is then possible for the Moon's penumbral, umbral or antumbral shadows to sweep across Earth's surface thereby producing an eclipse. There are four types of solar eclipses:

  1. Partial - Moon's penumbral shadow traverses Earth (umbral and antumbral shadows completely miss Earth)
  2. Annular - Moon's antumbral shadow traverses Earth (Moon is too far from Earth to completely cover the Sun)
  3. Total - Moon's umbral shadow traverses Earth (Moon is close enough to Earth to completely cover the Sun)
  4. Hybrid - Moon's umbral and antumbral shadows traverse Earth (eclipse appears annular and total along different sections of its path). Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular-total eclipses.

Hybrid eclipses can be further catagorized as:

Eclipses of class 1 (A-T-A) can be referred to as symetric hybrids while classes 2 (T-A) and 3 (A-T) are asymetric hybrids. The distribution of the three classes of hybrid eclipses during the five Millennium period -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE[1]) is shown in the following table.

Hybrid Solar Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All Hybrid Eclipses 569100.0%
Class 1 - Annular-Total-Annular (A-T-A) 519 91.2%
Class 2 - Total-Annular (T-A) 24 4.2%
Class 3 - Annular-Total (A-T) 26 4.6%

The statistics reveal that symetric hybrid eclipses of class 1 (A-T-A) are far more common than the asymetric hybrids of class 2 (T-A) or class 3 (A-T).

The concise predictions and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for all asymetric hybrid solar eclipses (classes 2 [T-A] and 3 [A-T]) during the five millennium period are presented in the catalog below. Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipses contains a detailed description and explanation of every item listed in the catalog.

The data presented in the catalog are based on the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.


Catalog of Class 2 (T-A) Hybrid Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE )


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km
*
00155 -1935 Dec 18  05:41:01  44881 -48658    1   H2  -0.5070  1.0150  53.2S  80.5W  59   4   60  01m11s
00363 -1851 Jun 25  00:33:02  42905 -47625    7   H2  -0.5598  1.0145  10.4S   5.0W  56 349   60  01m34s
00509 -1794 Nov 19  22:56:01  41573 -46915    4   H2   0.7137  1.0120  26.0N  25.7E  44 205   58  01m05s
01275 -1467 Nov 04  13:16:02  34385 -42871   29   H2   0.2581  1.0164   2.9N 125.8E  75 195   58  01m39s
*
04192 -0241 Jun 15  13:05:26  13234 -27712   62   H2   0.1836  1.0160  34.0N  37.5E  79 181   56  01m34s
04522 -0100 May 17  10:37:31  11579 -25969   65   H2  -0.1912  1.0170   8.4N  70.9E  79 340   59  01m44s
*
04861  0035 Aug 21  21:43:50  10178 -24296   84   H2  -0.6201  1.0130  21.7S 119.8W  52  27   56  01m13s
04906  0053 Sep 01  05:29:38  10001 -24073   84   H2  -0.5723  1.0138  21.8S 122.6E  55  29   57  01m15s
04950  0071 Sep 12  13:25:34   9826 -23850   84   H2  -0.5324  1.0142  23.1S   2.5E  58  31   57  01m15s
04994  0089 Sep 22  21:31:16   9651 -23627   84   H2  -0.4994  1.0146  25.2S 119.9W  60  33   57  01m15s
05032  0104 Jun 10  13:31:44   9510 -23445   87   H2   0.8576  1.0087  77.6N  34.9W  31 125   59  00m33s
05039  0107 Oct 04  05:45:26   9478 -23404   84   H2  -0.4727  1.0149  28.1S 115.6E  62  33   57  01m15s
05084  0125 Oct 14  14:08:53   9306 -23181   84   H2  -0.4532  1.0153  31.5S  10.9W  63  33   58  01m16s
05128  0143 Oct 25  22:40:07   9134 -22958   84   H2  -0.4397  1.0158  35.1S 139.1W  64  32   60  01m18s
05361  0245 May 13  11:05:04   8170 -21702   90   H2  -0.8543  1.0086  39.9S  56.8E  31 348   57  00m48s
06855  0881 Mar 04  03:08:22   2318 -13838  102   H2  -0.3624  1.0167  25.1S 152.4E  69 341   61  01m35s
*
07217  1040 Feb 15  06:17:48   1352 -11872  105   H2   0.1916  1.0169   1.0S  90.0E  79 154   59  01m35s
07612  1199 Jan 28  09:05:27    732  -9906  108   H2   0.0033  1.0174  16.2S  50.5E  90 156   60  01m45s
08141  1423 Jul 08  00:48:40    286  -7130  117   H2  -0.1158  1.0161  15.0N 169.7E  83   4   55  01m45s
08269  1480 Dec 01  20:30:38    216  -6420  114   H2   0.4218  1.0155   1.5N 123.9W  65 189   58  01m37s
08459  1564 Jun 08  22:26:49    139  -5387  120   H2   0.1253  1.0174  30.8N 155.4W  83 185   60  01m44s
08794  1703 Jan 17  11:24:25      8  -3673  136   H2  -0.7345  1.0120  67.9S  22.2E  42 347   61  00m50s
09104  1825 Dec 09  20:21:45      9  -2153  139   H2   0.5296  1.0148   9.2N 127.4W  58 180   60  01m34s
*
10430  2386 Apr 29  12:32:25   1004   4778  154   H2  -0.5483  1.0146  18.1S   2.9E  57 347   60  01m30s


Catalog of Class 3 (A-T) Hybrid Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE )


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km
*
00138 -1942 Nov 07  01:29:55  45052 -48746    2   H3   0.5284  1.0143  17.4N   2.2W  58 208   57  01m17s
00278 -1884 Apr 03  00:11:40  43686 -48036   -1   H3  -0.7065  1.0117  39.5S  27.9E  45 321   56  00m56s
00490 -1801 Oct 09  18:49:02  41737 -47003    5   H3  -0.7313  1.0119  44.5S  52.0E  43  26   60  00m58s
00695 -1720 Dec 11  16:04:48  39885 -45999   24   H3  -0.6533  1.0129  60.1S  83.5E  49  30   58  00m55s
00835 -1662 May 08  09:59:19  38601 -45289   21   H3   0.2795  1.0162  26.7N 178.6W  74 151   58  01m28s
01299 -1456 Oct 04  18:02:52  34157 -42736   30   H3  -0.2502  1.0169  12.2S  43.3E  75  30   60  01m30s
01669 -1297 Sep 17  20:33:36  30919 -40770   33   H3   0.0674  1.0168  10.8N   1.4E  86 197   58  01m40s
02068 -1138 Aug 30  23:28:43  27843 -38804   36   H3   0.0932  1.0168  18.0N  53.2W  85 206   58  01m32s
*
02448 -0979 Aug 13  02:47:53  24928 -36838   39   H3  -0.2387  1.0168   4.5N 119.8W  76  10   59  01m48s
02806 -0820 Jul 26  06:32:15  22174 -34872   42   H3   0.3561  1.0161  41.8N 177.9W  69 200   59  01m24s
03183 -0661 Jul 09  10:36:00  19580 -32906   45   H3  -0.4659  1.0146   4.3S 103.1E  62 358   56  01m38s
03748 -0437 Dec 17  10:19:56  16031 -30130   54   H3   0.1286  1.0173  16.2S  93.1E  83 190   60  01m45s
03883 -0379 May 13  05:25:04  15134 -29420   51   H3  -0.4803  1.0155   9.8S 170.7E  61 338   60  01m34s
04023 -0316 Jul 04  10:53:21  14225 -28639   70   H3  -0.5847  1.0137  12.0S  70.4E  54   8   58  01m30s
04029 -0314 Nov 07  18:59:06  14192 -28610   57   H3  -0.3363  1.0168  34.7S  53.9W  70  15   61  01m30s
*
05237  0190 Oct 16  20:54:58   8688 -22377   85   H3   0.4293  1.0152  15.6N  93.5W  64 197   57  01m30s
05593  0349 Sep 28  23:41:03   7162 -20411   88   H3  -0.2467  1.0163  15.0S 154.9W  76  30   57  01m27s
05960  0508 Sep 11  02:53:05   5597 -18445   91   H3   0.0826  1.0173   8.6N 160.4E  85 198   59  01m45s
*
07686  1228 Jan 08  22:42:54    652  -9548  109   H3  -0.0068  1.0176  21.6S 155.1W  89 348   60  01m40s
07978  1350 Nov 30  07:34:51    393  -8028  112   H3   0.2227  1.0166  10.3S  68.8E  77 191   58  01m42s
08287  1489 Jun 28  20:04:24    207  -6314  128   H3  -0.6440  1.0130  16.8S 127.5W  50  12   58  01m23s
09174  1854 Nov 20  09:56:58      7  -1795  140   H3  -0.5179  1.0144  48.9S  12.7E  59  27   57  01m07s
*
09538  2013 Nov 03  12:47:36     68    171  143   H3   0.3272  1.0159   3.5N  11.7W  71 192   58  01m40s
09900  2172 Oct 17  16:01:36    378   2137  146   H3  -0.1484  1.0174  17.3S  66.6W  81  28   60  01m34s
11529  2853 Sep 24  08:03:33   3389  10559  177   H3   0.7880  1.0107  48.1N  92.4E  38 207   59  00m52s
11817  2967 Jul 28  13:27:22   4181  11967  161   H3  -0.4892  1.0147  10.4S   6.5W  61   8   58  01m37s



Footnotes

[1] The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively. They are the secular equivalents to the BC and AD dating conventions. (See: Year Dating Conventions )

[2] Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow cone passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Jean Meeus for providing the Besselian elements used in the solar eclipse predictions.

All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to: Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

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2007 Feb 13