Eclipses of the Sun can only occur during the New Moon phase. It is then possible for the Moon's penumbral, umbral or antumbral shadows to sweep across Earth's surface thereby producing an eclipse. There are four types of solar eclipses:
Hybrid eclipses can be further catagorized as:
Eclipses of class 1 (A-T-A) can be referred to as symetric hybrids while classes 2 (T-A) and 3 (A-T) are asymetric hybrids. The distribution of the three classes of hybrid eclipses during the five Millennium period -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE[1]) is shown in the following table.
| Hybrid Solar Eclipses | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Hybrid Eclipses | 569 | 100.0% |
| Class 1 - Annular-Total-Annular (A-T-A) | 519 | 91.2% |
| Class 2 - Total-Annular (T-A) | 24 | 4.2% |
| Class 3 - Annular-Total (A-T) | 26 | 4.6% |
The statistics reveal that symetric hybrid eclipses of class 1 (A-T-A) are far more common than the asymetric hybrids of class 2 (T-A) or class 3 (A-T).
The concise predictions and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for all asymetric hybrid solar eclipses (classes 2 [T-A] and 3 [A-T]) during the five millennium period are presented in the catalog below. Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipses contains a detailed description and explanation of every item listed in the catalog.
The data presented in the catalog are based on the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
TD of
Catalog Calendar Greatest Luna Saros Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Number Date Eclipse ΔT Num Num Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
*
00155 -1935 Dec 18 05:41:01 44881 -48658 1 H2 -0.5070 1.0150 53.2S 80.5W 59 4 60 01m11s
00363 -1851 Jun 25 00:33:02 42905 -47625 7 H2 -0.5598 1.0145 10.4S 5.0W 56 349 60 01m34s
00509 -1794 Nov 19 22:56:01 41573 -46915 4 H2 0.7137 1.0120 26.0N 25.7E 44 205 58 01m05s
01275 -1467 Nov 04 13:16:02 34385 -42871 29 H2 0.2581 1.0164 2.9N 125.8E 75 195 58 01m39s
*
04192 -0241 Jun 15 13:05:26 13234 -27712 62 H2 0.1836 1.0160 34.0N 37.5E 79 181 56 01m34s
04522 -0100 May 17 10:37:31 11579 -25969 65 H2 -0.1912 1.0170 8.4N 70.9E 79 340 59 01m44s
*
04861 0035 Aug 21 21:43:50 10178 -24296 84 H2 -0.6201 1.0130 21.7S 119.8W 52 27 56 01m13s
04906 0053 Sep 01 05:29:38 10001 -24073 84 H2 -0.5723 1.0138 21.8S 122.6E 55 29 57 01m15s
04950 0071 Sep 12 13:25:34 9826 -23850 84 H2 -0.5324 1.0142 23.1S 2.5E 58 31 57 01m15s
04994 0089 Sep 22 21:31:16 9651 -23627 84 H2 -0.4994 1.0146 25.2S 119.9W 60 33 57 01m15s
05032 0104 Jun 10 13:31:44 9510 -23445 87 H2 0.8576 1.0087 77.6N 34.9W 31 125 59 00m33s
05039 0107 Oct 04 05:45:26 9478 -23404 84 H2 -0.4727 1.0149 28.1S 115.6E 62 33 57 01m15s
05084 0125 Oct 14 14:08:53 9306 -23181 84 H2 -0.4532 1.0153 31.5S 10.9W 63 33 58 01m16s
05128 0143 Oct 25 22:40:07 9134 -22958 84 H2 -0.4397 1.0158 35.1S 139.1W 64 32 60 01m18s
05361 0245 May 13 11:05:04 8170 -21702 90 H2 -0.8543 1.0086 39.9S 56.8E 31 348 57 00m48s
06855 0881 Mar 04 03:08:22 2318 -13838 102 H2 -0.3624 1.0167 25.1S 152.4E 69 341 61 01m35s
*
07217 1040 Feb 15 06:17:48 1352 -11872 105 H2 0.1916 1.0169 1.0S 90.0E 79 154 59 01m35s
07612 1199 Jan 28 09:05:27 732 -9906 108 H2 0.0033 1.0174 16.2S 50.5E 90 156 60 01m45s
08141 1423 Jul 08 00:48:40 286 -7130 117 H2 -0.1158 1.0161 15.0N 169.7E 83 4 55 01m45s
08269 1480 Dec 01 20:30:38 216 -6420 114 H2 0.4218 1.0155 1.5N 123.9W 65 189 58 01m37s
08459 1564 Jun 08 22:26:49 139 -5387 120 H2 0.1253 1.0174 30.8N 155.4W 83 185 60 01m44s
08794 1703 Jan 17 11:24:25 8 -3673 136 H2 -0.7345 1.0120 67.9S 22.2E 42 347 61 00m50s
09104 1825 Dec 09 20:21:45 9 -2153 139 H2 0.5296 1.0148 9.2N 127.4W 58 180 60 01m34s
*
10430 2386 Apr 29 12:32:25 1004 4778 154 H2 -0.5483 1.0146 18.1S 2.9E 57 347 60 01m30s
TD of
Catalog Calendar Greatest Luna Saros Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Number Date Eclipse ΔT Num Num Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
*
00138 -1942 Nov 07 01:29:55 45052 -48746 2 H3 0.5284 1.0143 17.4N 2.2W 58 208 57 01m17s
00278 -1884 Apr 03 00:11:40 43686 -48036 -1 H3 -0.7065 1.0117 39.5S 27.9E 45 321 56 00m56s
00490 -1801 Oct 09 18:49:02 41737 -47003 5 H3 -0.7313 1.0119 44.5S 52.0E 43 26 60 00m58s
00695 -1720 Dec 11 16:04:48 39885 -45999 24 H3 -0.6533 1.0129 60.1S 83.5E 49 30 58 00m55s
00835 -1662 May 08 09:59:19 38601 -45289 21 H3 0.2795 1.0162 26.7N 178.6W 74 151 58 01m28s
01299 -1456 Oct 04 18:02:52 34157 -42736 30 H3 -0.2502 1.0169 12.2S 43.3E 75 30 60 01m30s
01669 -1297 Sep 17 20:33:36 30919 -40770 33 H3 0.0674 1.0168 10.8N 1.4E 86 197 58 01m40s
02068 -1138 Aug 30 23:28:43 27843 -38804 36 H3 0.0932 1.0168 18.0N 53.2W 85 206 58 01m32s
*
02448 -0979 Aug 13 02:47:53 24928 -36838 39 H3 -0.2387 1.0168 4.5N 119.8W 76 10 59 01m48s
02806 -0820 Jul 26 06:32:15 22174 -34872 42 H3 0.3561 1.0161 41.8N 177.9W 69 200 59 01m24s
03183 -0661 Jul 09 10:36:00 19580 -32906 45 H3 -0.4659 1.0146 4.3S 103.1E 62 358 56 01m38s
03748 -0437 Dec 17 10:19:56 16031 -30130 54 H3 0.1286 1.0173 16.2S 93.1E 83 190 60 01m45s
03883 -0379 May 13 05:25:04 15134 -29420 51 H3 -0.4803 1.0155 9.8S 170.7E 61 338 60 01m34s
04023 -0316 Jul 04 10:53:21 14225 -28639 70 H3 -0.5847 1.0137 12.0S 70.4E 54 8 58 01m30s
04029 -0314 Nov 07 18:59:06 14192 -28610 57 H3 -0.3363 1.0168 34.7S 53.9W 70 15 61 01m30s
*
05237 0190 Oct 16 20:54:58 8688 -22377 85 H3 0.4293 1.0152 15.6N 93.5W 64 197 57 01m30s
05593 0349 Sep 28 23:41:03 7162 -20411 88 H3 -0.2467 1.0163 15.0S 154.9W 76 30 57 01m27s
05960 0508 Sep 11 02:53:05 5597 -18445 91 H3 0.0826 1.0173 8.6N 160.4E 85 198 59 01m45s
*
07686 1228 Jan 08 22:42:54 652 -9548 109 H3 -0.0068 1.0176 21.6S 155.1W 89 348 60 01m40s
07978 1350 Nov 30 07:34:51 393 -8028 112 H3 0.2227 1.0166 10.3S 68.8E 77 191 58 01m42s
08287 1489 Jun 28 20:04:24 207 -6314 128 H3 -0.6440 1.0130 16.8S 127.5W 50 12 58 01m23s
09174 1854 Nov 20 09:56:58 7 -1795 140 H3 -0.5179 1.0144 48.9S 12.7E 59 27 57 01m07s
*
09538 2013 Nov 03 12:47:36 68 171 143 H3 0.3272 1.0159 3.5N 11.7W 71 192 58 01m40s
09900 2172 Oct 17 16:01:36 378 2137 146 H3 -0.1484 1.0174 17.3S 66.6W 81 28 60 01m34s
11529 2853 Sep 24 08:03:33 3389 10559 177 H3 0.7880 1.0107 48.1N 92.4E 38 207 59 00m52s
11817 2967 Jul 28 13:27:22 4181 11967 161 H3 -0.4892 1.0147 10.4S 6.5W 61 8 58 01m37s
[1] The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively. They are the secular equivalents to the BC and AD dating conventions. (See: Year Dating Conventions )
[2] Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow cone passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Jean Meeus for providing the Besselian elements used in the solar eclipse predictions.
All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
